SELECT 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.short_description, 
  IF(
    cscart_product_descriptions.short_description = '' 
    OR cscart_product_descriptions.short_description IS NULL, 
    cscart_product_descriptions.full_description, 
    ''
  ) AS full_description, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.unit_name 
FROM 
  cscart_product_descriptions 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id IN (
    312417, 312421, 312423, 312420, 15, 
    278, 312422
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'zh'

Query time 0.00048

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost": 0.01296265,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_product_descriptions",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "product_id"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "9",
          "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
          "loops": 1,
          "rows": 7,
          "cost": 0.01296265,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_product_descriptions.product_id in (312417,312421,312423,312420,15,278,312422) and cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'zh'"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}