SELECT 
  cscart_products.* 
FROM 
  cscart_products 
WHERE 
  cscart_products.product_id IN (
    312858, 312863, 312865, 312868, 312849, 
    312850
  )

Query time 0.00034

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost": 0.01122386,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_products",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
          "loops": 1,
          "rows": 6,
          "cost": 0.01122386,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_products.product_id in (312858,312863,312865,312868,312849,312850)"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}