SELECT 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.short_description, 
  IF(
    cscart_product_descriptions.short_description = '' 
    OR cscart_product_descriptions.short_description IS NULL, 
    cscart_product_descriptions.full_description, 
    ''
  ) AS full_description, 
  cscart_product_descriptions.unit_name 
FROM 
  cscart_product_descriptions 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_descriptions.product_id IN (
    312048, 12712, 391035, 21914, 391033, 
    391036, 391034, 154, 161, 165, 166, 
    163, 155, 460948, 184, 183, 145, 12710, 
    12698, 157, 461039, 461275, 391040, 
    461037
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'en'

Query time 0.00058

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost": 0.04252208,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_product_descriptions",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "product_id"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "9",
          "used_key_parts": ["product_id", "lang_code"],
          "loops": 1,
          "rows": 24,
          "cost": 0.04252208,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_product_descriptions.product_id in (312048,12712,391035,21914,391033,391036,391034,154,161,165,166,163,155,460948,184,183,145,12710,12698,157,461039,461275,391040,461037) and cscart_product_descriptions.lang_code = 'en'"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}